2. Natural gas: a public-private success story

Technology breakthroughs need both public and private support to reach their full scale and deployment potential, and there is no better example than the shale gas boom in America.
Hydraulic fracturing — the process of breaking up shale rocks to release the natural gas inside — was pioneered by Texas entrepreneur George Mitchell in the 1970s, but got off the ground with federal investments.
- DOE supported research, development, and demonstration of hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling through the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s.
- R&D plus tax incentives got the technology off the ground, then expired once mature.
Thanks to public-private partnerships, we now have a $100 billion annual natural gas market in America.
Plug in: Rich Powell summarizes this in under 2 minutes in our new whiteboard video.
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